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Freescale Semiconductor Technical Data
MC44C402 Rev 1, 06/2005
MTS Stereo Encoder
The MC44C402 Multi-Channel Television Sound (MTS) Stereo Encoder is based on the industry's first, single-chip, CMOS implementation of a Broadcast Television Systems Committee (BTSC)-compatible stereo encoder, the MC44C400. The MC44C402 MTS Stereo Encoder is designed for use in set-top boxes, VCRs, DVD players/recorders, game stations, and other applications that are required to output high-quality stereo sound through a single RF coaxial cable. The digital audio processing used in the MC44C402 preserves the full fidelity of surround sound and other audio coding schemes while ensuring overall system performance is not impacted by copy protection technologies. The MC44C402 is engineered to process right and left analog audio signals and baseband composite video to generate a stereophonic composite signal in accordance with BTSC system standards. The MC44C402 is designed to output this signal to a Freescale RF modulator, which in turn produces a stereo encoded RF channel for use with any BTSC stereo television receiver. Features * * * * * * * * * Integrated A/D converter input and D/A converter output circuitry CEXTM digital audio processing encodes and transports stereo signals Surround sound and MacrovisionTM compatible Extended low frequency response (The MC44C402 frequency response extends below 25 Hz) Simple passive interface to Freescale's MC44BS373/4 (UHF/VHF) and MC44BC375 (VHF) modulators Preservation of original surround sound fidelity System performance not impacted by copy protection technologies Low system component count, small board size, and significantly low overall system cost No manual alignment of filters or phase controls
MC44C402
MTS STEREO ENCODER
AC SUFFIX 32-LEAD LQFP PACKAGE CASE 873A-04
ORDERING INFORMATION
Device MC44C402AC MC44C402ACR2 Temp. Range Package RoHS 32LQFP yes yes
-40C
to +85C
Tape & Reel
Reference Documentation "Multichannel Television Sound Transmission and Audio Processing Requirements for the BTSC System", FCC OET Bulletin No. 60, February 1986.
XTALOUT XTALIN
SSVSS
SSVDD
MC44C402
LEFT CHANNEL RIGHT CHANNEL COMPOSITE VIDEO XTAL ADC ADC SYNC SEPARATOR CLOCK GENERATOR CLOCK OUT DIGITAL AUDIO PROCESSOR
CVBS VINR VAGO PIN 1
ORIENTATION MARK 25
OVDD
NC
NC
DVSS
DVSS PILOT CLK4MHZ
DAC
COMPOSITE BTSC
VREFP VREFM VAGO ADCVDD ADCVSS 9
Freescale MC44C402
DVDD DVSS DVSS 17 DVSS VID_PRES
VAGO
OVDD
CA
Functional Block Diagram
This document contains certain information on a new product. Specifications and information herein are subject to change without notice.
MC44C402 32LQFP Package
(c) Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., 2005. All rights reserved.
OVSS
NC
NC
VINL
NC
MC44C402
4 MHz XTALIN XTALOUT 28 27 Osc Clock Generator 22 CLK4MHZ
ADCVDD VINLP VAGO
7 9 10 SD ADC SD DAC 16 OVSS 11 OVDD 15 CA
VREFP VAGO VREFM
4 6 5 V-REF
26 DVSS VINRP VAGO 2 3 SD ADC 24 DVSS ADCVSS 8 21 DVDD 20 DVSS 19 DVSS CVBS 1 18 DVSS CEXTM Audio Processor SSVDD SSVSS 31 32 23 PILOT 17 VID_PRES 25 OVDD
Sync Separator
Sync Separator Ref
Figure 1. MC44C402 Block Diagram
MC44C402 2 Freescale Semiconductor
PIN DESCRIPTION
XTALOUT XTALIN SSVSS SSVDD OVDD DVSS
NC
CVBS VINR PIN 1 VAGO VREFP VREFM VAGO ADCVDD ADCVSS 9
ORIENTATION MARK 25
NC
DVSS PILOT CLK4MHZ
Freescale MC44C402
DVDD DVSS DVSS 17 DVSS VID_PRES
VINL
VAGO
OVDD
CA
Figure 2. MC44C402 32LQFP Package Table 1. Pin Descriptions (Listed by Function)
Signal Name Analog VINL VREFP VAGO VREFM VINR CVBS Digital CA VID_PRES PILOT NC Clocks XTALIN XTALOUT CLK4MHZ Power Supply SSVDD SSVSS ADCVDD ADCVSS DVDD DVSS OVDD 31 32 7 8 21 16, 18, 19, 20, 24, 26 11, 25 Sync Separator analog supply voltage, 3.3 V Sync Separator analog ground ADC analog supply voltage, 3.3 V ADC analog ground Digital Logic supply voltage, 1.8 V Digital Logic and I/O grounds I/O supply voltage, 3.3 V 28 27 22 Crystal oscillator input Crystal oscillator output 4 MHz clock output for Audio/Video modulator IC 15 17 23 12, 13, 14, 29, 30 Composite Audio output Video present flag, 0 = no video, hi-z = video present 15.734 KHz square wave output phased locked to incoming video No Connection 9 4 3, 6, 10 5 2 1 Left channel input ADC Voltage Ref. Bypass plus Analog virtual ground ADC Voltage Ref. Bypass minus Right channel input Composite video input to sync separator Pin # Description
OVSS
NC
NC
NC
MC44C402 Freescale Semiconductor 3
ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Table 2. Absolute Maximum Ratings Absolute maximum continuos ratings are those maximum values beyond which damage to the device may occur. Exposure to these conditions or conditions beyond those indicated may adversely affect device reliability. Functional operation at absolutemaximum-rated conditions is not implied.
Characteristic Digital Logic Supply Voltage Digital Output Supply Voltage ADC Supply Voltage Sync. Separator Supply Voltage Input Voltage Storage Temperature Range Symbol DVDD OVDD ADCVDD SSVDD Vin Tstg Min -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -55 Max +2.0 +4.0 +4.0 +4.0 xxVDD + 0.3 +150 Units V V V V V C
Table 3. General Specifications
Characteristic ESD Protection (Machine Model) ESD Protection (Human Body Model) Latch-Up Immunity Symbol MM HBM LU Min 200 2000 200 Typ max Units V V mA
Table 4. Recommended Operating Conditions
Characteristic Digital Logic Supply Voltage Digital Output Supply Voltage ADC Supply Voltage Sync. Separator Supply Voltage Left/Right Channel Input Level Composite Video Input Level (See Figure 8) Ambient Temperature Symbol DVDD OVDD ADCVDD SSVDD VINL, VINR CVBS TA 0.5 1.0 Min +1.62 +2.97 +2.97 +2.97 Typ +1.8 +3.3 +3.3 +3.3 Max +1.98 +3.63 +3.63 +3.63 1.8 2.0 +85 Units V V V V Vpp Vpp C
-40
Table 5. DC Characteristics
Characteristic(1) Digital Logic Supply Current Digital Output Supply Current ADC Supply Current Sync. Separator Supply Current CLK4MHZ, Clock Output @ I = 0.6 mA ADC Voltage Ref. Bypass plus ADC Voltage Ref. Bypass minus ADC Voltage Ref. Ground CLK4MHZ, Clock Output @ I = 0.6 mA Symbol IDVDD IOVDD IADCVDD ISSVDD Vol VREFP VREFM VAGO Voh 2.97 +2.0 +1.0 +1.5 3.63 Min Typ 7.5 2.0 7.0 2.0 Max 8.5 8.0 9.0 Units mA mA mA mA V V V V V
1. Unless other wise noted; DVDD = 1.8 + 0.18 Vdc, OVDD = ADCVDD = SSVDD = 3.3 + 0.33 Vdc, GND = 0 Vdc, -40 < TA < 85C.
MC44C402 4 Freescale Semiconductor
Table 6. AC Characteristics
Characteristic(1) Input Impedance (Left/Right Input) Composite Audio Output Level Composite Output Level Signal to Noise Ratio
(2),(3) (2)
Symbol Rin CA CA SNR THD BW
Min
Typ 75 1.0
Max
Units k Vpp
2.2 72 75 0.1 20 35 30 35 0.3 14500
Vpp dB % Hz dB dB
Total Harmonic Distortion(2),(3) -1 dB Bandwidth Stereo Separation 500 Hz - 5 KHz
(4) (4)
Stereo Separation 100 Hz - 10 KHz 1. 2. 3. 4.
Unless other wise noted; DVDD = 1.8 + 0.18 Vdc, OVDD = ADCVDD = SSVDD = 3.3 + 0.33 Vdc, GND = 0 Vdc, -40 < TA < 85C. Test conditions, mono, 1 kHz @ 1.5 Vpp Measured in 20 Hz to 13.5 kHz bandwidth Measured -10 dB input level
-5 -10 -15 -20 -25 d B V -30 -35 -40 -45 -50 -55
60
100
200
500 Hz
1k
2k
5k
10k
Figure 3. Stereo Separation
+5 +0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -35 -40 -45 -50 d B r A
20
50
100
200
500 Hz
1k
2k
5k
10k
Figure 4. Amplitude Response
MC44C402 Freescale Semiconductor 5
+5 +4 +3 +2 +1 +0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 d B r A
20
50
100
200
500 Hz
1k
2k
5k
10k
Figure 5. Amplitude Ripple
TT
+5 +0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -35 -40 -45 -50 14k 14.5k 15k 15.5k Hz 16k 16.5k 17k d B r A
Figure 6. Amplitude-Notch
SYSTEM APPLICATION NOTES
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
When developing application using the MC44C402 Stereo Encoder, the user can significantly improve the performance by following the suggestions below: 1. Disable the pre-emphasis on the modulator 2. There must be a 4.5 MHz notch in the video because Video spectra that fall into the 4.5 MHz range will severely impact the audio performance. See the notch filter shown in Figure 7. 3. Measurements must be made with a precision demodulator followed by a precision decoder, measuring audio performance using mono or wide band output will give erroneous results. We suggest the setup as described below Equipment suggestions Demodulator: Tektronix Decoder: Modulation Sciences MC44C402 6 Freescale Semiconductor TV1450 SRD-1 4. A low pass filter is required on the CA (baseband) output. The filter shown in Figure 7 note 1 is recommended. It is a Bessell filter with uniform group delay to 50 kHz and an input impedance of 500 and high output impedance. Crystal frequency is critical. It MUST be within +/- 2 kHz (100 PPM) under all conditions. Recommend 30 PPM or better at room temperature. Measure the frequency, being careful not to load the crystal oscillator pins or alternatively the frequency can be determined by measuring the 4 MHz using (spectrum analyzer), being careful not to load the crystal oscillator pins, or with a frequency counter on the 4 MHz port to +/- 400 Hz max or 100 Hz at room temp. A symptom of the crystal being off frequency is stereo separation changing at about a 1 Hz rate (Pulsing).
5.
MODULATOR INTERFACE 1. The 4 MHz clock drive to the MC44BS373 must be filtered and the level set correctly. This can be achieved simply by using a 1 H inductor and 1500 pF and series 750 ohm resistor and 100 pF blocking cap, as shown in Figure 7 note 2.
2.
3.
The MC44BS373 SPLL filter must be changed to a single 2.2 F capacitor to ground. Please see Figure 7 note 3. (note some caps exhibit microphonic problems in this application. Input impedance of the MC44BS373 is around 70 Kohms and to preserve the low frequency performance the coupling caps should be greater than 0.1 F
Vin
3.3 V REG 1
3.3V
47
22 1
75
1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 +5V 2.2K SSVDD 31 21 25
IN
VINRP
TVOVCC
V
2 1
10 VCCA 15 VCCD
LEFT IN RIGHT
1 V 9 VINLP
ADCVDD 7
DVDD
OVDD
OVDD
11
.01
.022 13
23 PILOT 17 VID_PRES CA 15 500
Note 1 560 2200p 1000p 10 2.2K 7
PLLFLT
14 .047
1
3 VAGO 10 VAGO 6 VAGO 4 5 0.1 0.1 VREFP VREFM
MC44C402
AUDIO
CLK4MHZ 27 XTALOUT SSVSS 8 ADCVSS 16 DVSS 26 DVSS 24 DVSS
22 750 1500p
12 RFOUT TVOUT MC44BS373CA 1000p Modulator 4 XTAL SPFLT 8 2.2
18 DVSS 28 XTALIN
IN
CVBS
V
9 Note 2 .1
VIDEO
1 SCL 2 SDA
CVBS 75
1K
0.1
1 1M
20 DVSS 19 DVSS
1
24MHz
Video Notch 8.2 220 Murata TPSRA4M50B00-B0
18p
2M
18p
2.2K
Figure 7. MC44C402 Typical Application Circuit
Freescale Semiconductor
VV I2C Analog Ground Digital Ground
470p
32
Note 3
MC44C402 7
SETTING LEVEL FOR MODULATOR/ENCODER INTERFACE 1. Verify calibration of the equipment. This requires a modulator and precision signal source. The audio signal cannot be passed through the stereo encoder for this setup. Suggest using 10396.48 Hz audio test signal directly into first Bessel null on a spectrum analyzer.
2.
The null will occur at precisely 25 KHz deviation of the 10396.48 Hz audio test signal. Please see Figure 8 for test equipment setup. Input 1800 Hz @ 0.4 V p-p into left channel and set adjust attenuation between stereo encoder and the modulator for optimum separation using calibrated demodulator and decoder.
0db / 25KHz deviation = 1.45Vp-p @ 1KHz Mono (both channels driven)
Audio Precision SYS2
Audio Generator Audio Spectrum Analyzer Audio Analyzer
Input Left Channel only 1800Hz 400 mV p-p
Left In Right In
Stereo Encoder
Composite Video
CVBS in
Attenuator
Adjust for optimal separation with only Left channel driven 1800Hz
4.5MHz Notch Filter
Modulator No Audio Pre-emphasis
Composite Video
Spectrum Analyzer Precision Demoodulator
TEK 1450-1
Precision MTS Decoder
Modulation Sciences SRD1
Wide Band Output
Demodulator / MTS Decoder Calibrat ion 25KHz deviation Check = 1 0396 Hz @25KHz deviation gives bessel nul l and Ref Level on SRD-1
44C402 Level Setup
1) Calibrate MTS Decoder to Demodulator connection using Bess el Null Technique 2) input 1.8KHz 0.4 V p-p on left channel only and optimiz e stereo separation with attenuator.
Figure 8. MC44C402 Level Setup
MC44C402 8 Freescale Semiconductor
PACKAGE DATA
PAGE 1 OF 3 Figure 9. 32QLFP Package Mechanical Data
MC44C402 Freescale Semiconductor 9
PACKAGE DATA
PAGE 2 OF 3 Figure 9. 32QLFP Package Mechanical Data (continued)
MC44C402 10 Freescale Semiconductor
PACKAGE DATA
PAGE 3 OF 3 Figure 9. 32QLFP Package Mechanical Data (continued)
MC44C402 Freescale Semiconductor 11
How to Reach Us:
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MC44C402 Rev. 1 06/2005

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